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California Bond for the Indian War Indebtedness, 1857, $500

Currency:USD Category:Coins & Paper Money / Stock & Bond - Certificates Start Price:250.00 USD Estimated At:500.00 - 1,000.00 USD
California Bond for the Indian War Indebtedness, 1857, $500
SOLD
250.00USD+ (55.00) buyer's premium + applicable fees & taxes.
This item SOLD at 2018 Dec 07 @ 11:35UTC-8 : PST/AKDT
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Number 178. Cancelled. Hole from pen eating through paper. Discoloration. Three vertical folds. A few small edge tears. . Signed by state treasurer James L English and state Controller GW Whitman. Both ran on the Knownothing Party ticket with Governor Bigler. (They got this name as a secret society in the 1840's. Members were instructed to say "I know nothing" if anyone asked about the organization.) Whitman was on the committee to oversee the building of the new Capital in Sacramento. Attached on back with glue is a state treasurer receipt with the surrender of this war bond in 1877. Listed also is "Wells Fargo."

This bond was issued in what is known as the Genocide of the Native American population. Today, many look it as a way for the state to pay for the war against the Native American population which dropped from an estimated 150.000 in 1846 to 30,000 in 1873.Although much of this reduction in population can be attributed to disease which the Native Americans had no defense for, much of it was caused by deliberate and violent attack. [An American Genocide by Madley , introduction by Jinx] Funny three of the four vignettes show Native Americans.

The Indian war this may be attributed to was the Mariposa War. The Mariposa War was a long conflict between Native Americans and miners in California. The war was sparked by the 1849 California Gold Rush. Thousands of hopeful gold seekers crossed this trail into northern California, which at this point in time consisted of mostly Native Americans, and Californios (the descendants of early Spanish settlers). By the end of May 1849, it is estimated that more than 40,000 Whites had entered Indian territory. Anglos soon took control of the gold fields and pushed Californios, as well as Chinese and African American gold seekers from the mines. The gold rush also increased pressure on the Native Americans of California, miners forced Native Americans off their gold-rich lands. Many were pressed into service in the mines; others had their villages raided by the army and volunteer militia. Some Native American tribes fought back, lead raids on settler populations' property in 1850 and 1851. In 1852 the State of California issued these bonds to finance the military expeditions to subdue the Indians. [Wikipedia]
State: California City: Date: 1857 HWAC# 85229