NOT SOLD (BIDDING OVER)
0.00USD+ applicable fees & taxes.
This item WAS NOT SOLD. Auction date was 2021 Feb 12 @ 08:00UTC-8 : PST/AKDT
SHIPPING & HANDLING: Shipping is subject to a minimum charge of $19.00. Shipping and handling cannot be estimated prior to invoicing as it is based on the size and weight of your purchase. Additional shipping and handling costs, if required, will be re-invoiced for the balance due. Items are not shipped until the invoice is completely paid. Many buyers purchase a number of lots. Every effort will be made to include all lots in a single shipping charge calculated to cover the weight and size.SHIPPING & HANDLING: Shipping and Handling cannot be estimated prior to invoicing, based on the size a...
Copper Queen Mine Security Force Colt Revolver
The Gun:
By Kingston Wulff
This is a Colt Single Action Army revolver, S/N 298300, built in 1907. It has the Colt factory letter describing it as a .32/20 caliber, 5 1/2 in. barrel, blued frame, the stocks are not listed. According to the Colt factory letter it was shipped to the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co. in Bisbee, Arizona Territory on August 23, 1907 as part of a shipment of five.
The Copper Queen was a massive copper mine in Arizona that required the protection of a large security force, arming their security staff with Colt revolvers. The actual number of Colt firearms sold to the Copper Queen is unknown and has never been tabulated, according to the Colt Manufacturing Co. confirmed in a call 1/19/2021, but thought to be very limited between 1900 and 1909. This one has its original 5 1/2 in. barrel length, a rich brown patination that shows no attempt of rebluing; the grips are checkered hard rubber with the original Colt logo and in beautiful condition. The barrel is marked from muzzle to frame "+Colt's Pt. F. A. Mfg. Co. Harford, CT. USA +" . And all numbers matching, smokeless frame , clean bore, good timing, on original screws. This firearm will require an FFL transfer, and additional shipping charges apply. This gun is an antique and no attempt has been made to fire this gun to confirm its mechanical integrity. Nor should this gun be fired without the examination by a qualified gunsmith. Any attempt to fire an antique gun is at the risk of the owner and not consistent with the value of the firearm. No sales to New York City, New Jersey, and Hawaii.
Copper Queen Mine Security Force Colt Revolver History
By Fred N. Holabird
Introduction
The famous Copper Queen Mine in Bisbee was the most important copper mine in the Southwest for decades until the copper boom of the approximate post-1900 period when the world powers “woke up” to the concept of implementing electricity worldwide, which changed and modernized the world with new and tremendous demand for copper wire.
Both American and Mexican mines near the border used whatever labor force they could tap – the geo-political border between Mexico and the US did not matter.
The remote location of Bisbee also led to the possibilities of incursion from bandits. This had been a problem in southern Arizona for nearly 100 years. Additional problems developed from mine and mill labor forces seeking better pay and working conditions.
Mining Labor Unions – A Background Discussion
The great Comstock Lode discovery in 1859 was the largest single ore deposit found on earth at that time. As such, it required the work of hundreds of miners in all forms of mining jobs, from underground miners to millmen all working for large single companies. In the West, the California gold rush had been infinitely more productive, but involved more individuals and family groups than corporate organized companies up to that point (1859). In the East, the use of coal as a heating and power source (steam) became very important, and coal mines became larger and larger, requiring hundreds of men working at the same company or in the same region. Groups of miners began to form associations for discussions, protection, and for lobbying purposes.
At first, these associations or unions were formed geographically. One of the first of the miner’s unions was the Virginia City Miner’s Union in Nevada, formed in the early 1870s. Over time, nationalized unions formed – first for coal miners, then soon after for hard rock miners and mill/smelter workers.
The first of the much larger nationalized unions of perhaps greatest importance was the United Mine Workers of America, (UMWA) which organized in January, 1890 with the primary purpose of working for the benefit of coal miners. The UMWA was formed for all the right reasons, and is still very active today. Hardrock miners, meanwhile, had no national organization at first because the precious metal mines paid more for labor than other forms of mining. Indeed, the Comstock Lode set the stage at $3 per day at least as far back as about 1870, far more than miners were paid anywhere else in the world. The higher wage was meant to attract the best workers. Other hard rock mines that were less profitable paid less. Large mines outside and away from the Comstock region were forced to pay the same as the Comstock companies, or risk having a less effective work force.
Once the UMWA was formed, an obvious opening existed for hard rock miners, and a group organized as the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in May, 1893. They became active immediately in Colorado at Cripple Creek, using more militant tactics than the usual hard line negotiating at a bargaining table.
For awhile, the WFM acted as an unofficial arm of the UMWA. The WFM became a much more radical organization, using violence to force mine owners hands. Sometimes it worked, other times it did not. Mostly the cause was hours worked per day and the pay rate. The WFM organized labor strikes in Cripple Creek (1901, 1903), Leadville (1896-7), Globe (1903), Morenci (1903), Idaho (1905), Telluride (1900), Goldfield (1906-7) and elsewhere.
The WFM seemed to be targeting gold and silver mines. This made complete sense, because the overall concept of electricity, and the concept of “electrifying” entire countries was still just a dream. Copper and other base metal mines (lead, zinc) were simply not as profitable. In research of historical miner’s union history, I was unable to find meaningful discussion of this important omission and distinction between precious metal and base metal (copper, lead, zinc) mine labor issues. Thus at first, attention was focused on the precious metal mines, and copper mines and their miners and mill workers were not the primary focus of the WFM or UMWA.
The Copper Queen Mine and Mine Labor Issues
The history of the Copper Queen mine has been well published. It became one of the leading copper mines in the nation. With Bisbee flanked by major copper mines at Clifton and Morenci on the Arizona side, and Cananea and Nacosari about the same distance on the Mexico side, the region was a virtual world hot spot for copper. Both the Copper Queen and the mines at Nacosari were owned and operated by Phelps-Dodge, a major mining company. By 1900, Arizona was third in copper production in America (just barely behind Michigan) with the Copper Queen producing more than a third of all Arizona copper at 35 million pounds. Those three Arizona copper camps alone produced two thirds of Arizona’s copper, more than any other states except Montana and Michigan. As a major western hard rock mine inside a relatively small geographic region with major copper production, the Copper Queen drew the attention of mine labor unions.
Starting about 1900, the Copper Queen owners, Phelps - Dodge, became focused on potential mine unrest. In June, 1906, there was “unrest” among the miners at Cananea which had begun at least as far back as 1903, particularly among the miners of Col. Greene’s companies. The miners held a labor strike. White (American) miners were paid up to double what the “Mexican” miners were paid, and they outnumbered the American workers by several fold. Greene had requested help from Bisbee lawmen, business interests and the Arizona Rangers. The Mexican workers were not allowed to form a union, making matters worse for all. Over time, many Mexican miners were recruited by the AFM for strikes in Arizona. After several strikes near Bisbee at Morenci and Globe in 1903, and the strike at Cananea, the Copper Queen owners were deeply concerned.
Protection at the Copper Queen Mine
Copper Queen owners and management had watched the mine labor movement in the Western US very carefully. The Copper Queen formed a security force in about 1900, which ran through at least 1909. This fact is attested to by the records of the Colt Firearms company, who recorded sales of Colt revolvers to the Copper Queen Mining Company over that ten year span, sending shipments of two to twenty guns nearly monthly. There are mixed reports, none verified, that up to hundreds of Colt pistols were shipped to the Copper Queen Mine.
The Copper Queen was not the only company to form a security force. The great Goldfield Consolidated Mining Company under George Wingfield also formed a private security force, this one in 1906 after the consolidation of many of the important mining claims. Some of the gold bullion shipments from that mine located in remote southwestern Nevada were of tremendous value, and protection was badly needed.
The miners strikes near Bisbee in Morenci and elsewhere in Arizona around 1903-4, coupled with the WFM’s assassination of Idaho’s Governor Frank Steunenberg in 1905, the violent and deadly WFM strikes in Cripple Creek and Leadville, and finally the WFM strike in Goldfield which required the presence of Federal forces (they had also been at Leadville and Cripple Creek), all formed a story of violence. It was in this light that Copper Queen management continued to order Colt firearms from Colt, and the Colt pistol of this lot was shipped August 23, 1907 right on the heels of the Goldfield unrest.
There is much to be written on these important miners unions, far beyond the scope of this paper and the lot offered here.
The Colt Pistol
This Colt is accompanied by a certificate of history from the Colt Company. It states that the serial number is 298300, of .32/20 caliber with a barrel length of 5 ½”. There were five guns in the shipment from Colt that day. It should be noted that in 13 similar certificates for Colt pistols found on the internet from may 1900 to Jan 1909 showed varying lengths of barrels from 4” to 5 ½ inches. The barrel here is the longest. It may also be noted that at least one gun appears to have been re-blued. This specimen is as original. Those 13 Colt letters also show the possibility that shipments may have been made monthly, though no effort has ever been made to tabulate the records.
References: Lukas, Anthony, Big Trouble; Miller, Joseph, Arizona Rangers; Zanjani and Rocha, The Ignoble Conspiracy; Zanjani, Goldfield; Colt Firearms Records Center; Rothwell, R.P., The Mineral Industry, 1901; Poole Bros. Mining Directory, 1898.
Auction Location:
3555 Airway Drive Suite 309, Reno, Nevada, 89511, United States
Previewing Details:
Preview
Phone or video previews are strongly encouraged. Our staff is tech savvy and ready to use Skype/Facetime/Zoom if you would like to video preview with us. Please provide a list of items and minimum of 24 hours notice so that we may pull your lots and schedule a private viewing. Office preview by special private appointment only. Call (775) 851-1859 to schedule.
Nevada State Sales Tax
Taxes:
| Tax | Rate | Desc. |
| NSST |
8.265% |
Nevada Sales Tax |
| CSST |
8% |
California Sales Tax |
Buyer's Premiums:
| From (Incl.) | To (Excl.) | Premium |
| 0.00 |
Infinite |
25% |
Additional Fees:
| Fee | Amount | Applicable Locations | Applied To |
| Handling |
5.00
|
Not Applicable
|
This fee applies to the total of the invoice
|
Shipping Details:
SHIPPING & HANDLING: Shipping and Handling will be added to auction invoices, based on the size and weight of items won, whenever possible. For invoices with many items, items of non-standard size and weight, or items requiring special packaging and handling, only a handling charge will be applied to the auction invoice; SHIPPING CHARGES will be calculated after payment is received and items are packaged and will be INVOICED SEPARATELY prior to shipment. Items are not shipped until both the auction invoice and, whenever applicable, the separate shipping invoice are paid in full.
Purchases will be shipped via our approved, insured carriers: Federal Express or the US Postal Service. All items shipped Federal Express or USPS will be insured for the full value determined at auction by HWAC, which includes our buyer’s premium, unless buyer waives insurance in writing prior to shipment.
Please consider extra costs of shipping and handling charges when you place your bids.
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MOST ORDERS WILL BE SHIPPED IN THE ORDER PAYMENT IS RECEIVED SUBJECT TO DELAYS FOR LARGE ORDERS OR THOSE WITH ITEMS REQUIRING SPECIAL HANDLING AND PACKAGING. PLEASE ALLOW 7-14 DAYS FOR ORDERS TO SHIP AFTER PAYMENT IS RECEIVED.
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Please consider extra costs of shipping and handling charges when you make your purchases.
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Payment Details:
Due on receipt of invoice.
If paying by Credit Card please call our office at 775-851-1859 to arrange payment.
Accepted Payment Methods:
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS
This is a Live Auction conducted by Holabird Western Americana Collections, LLC (HWAC).
1. The placing of a bid shall constitute the bidder’s acceptance of these terms of sale.
2. BUYER’S PREMIUM & INSURANCE: There will be a 25% Buyer’s Premium added to the sale price (hammer) of each lot. We accept cash, checks, money orders, wire transfers, credit cards and PayPal.
3. COINS, CURRENCY AND PRECIOUS METALS, Insurance. The buyer’s commission for this section is 20.5%. Coins and currency shall be defined as any regular Federal issue circulating coins and currency. Tokens are not considered coins. Precious metals shall be defined as ingots, silver or gold rounds, bullion items and gold nuggets. Mineral specimens are not considered under the precious metals category. Commemorative items such as metals and ribbons are not considered coins of precious metals. However, lots that consist entirely of gold or silver of high purity, including commemorative metals, are considered precious metals. Please contact our office if you need clarification on a specific lot.
4. SALES TAX: Sales tax may be applicable in any of the 50 states according to current tax laws regarding internet sales. Please check your state's tax regulations. HWAC will charge sales tax for those states that we know have instituted internet sales tax. All bonafide resale dealers with a current valid resale license should submit their license in advance to HWAC.
5. SHIPPING & HANDLING: The customer is responsible for all shipping charges. Shipping and Handling will be estimated prior to invoicing, based on the size and weight of your purchase. All shipping and handling is subject to a minimum charge of $19.00. If additional shipping and handling costs are required, the buyer will be re-invoiced for the balance due. Items are not shipped until the invoice is completely paid. Many buyers purchase a number of lots. Every effort will be made to include all lots in a single shipping charge calculated to cover the weight and size of the package(s). NOTE: Some shipments (of unusual size, dimension, or weight) may require special handling for which individual costs will be calculated and applied to the shipping charge on the invoice. Purchases will be shipped via our approved, insured carriers: Federal Express or the US Postal Service. All items shipped Federal Express or USPS will be insured for the full value determined at auction by HWAC, which is included in our buyer’s premium. Pick up is available from our Reno office the next business day after the auction with 24 hours notice given to HWAC prior to pick-up.
6. LIVE (FLOOR) BIDDING: Please arrive a few minutes early to check in and receive your bidding paddle. We will open lots with more than one bid at the current high absentee bid or 50% of the low estimate at the auctioneer’s discretion. Please be sure to bid on the correct lots during the live auction. Our auction progress is at a rate of between 60 and 150 lots per hour. An item is not sold until the next lot is announced. (We are not esponsible for Internet bids that arrive late.) The auctioneer will identify the successful bidder by number and announce the winning bid amount. If you are not sure whether you won the lot or not, it is your responsibility to ask for clarification immediately, prior to the start of the next auction lot. Auctioneer reserves the right to reopen the lot in the case of an immediate dispute at the actual time of the sale.
7. TELEPHONE BIDDING: Telephone bidding MUST be scheduled prior to this auction. If you do not schedule in advance, and choose instead to call on the day of the auction to request a line for bidding, you may find that we are unable to accommodate your request. Please limit your telephone bids to items of value greater than $500, or to a string of items with a similar total.
8. LIVE AUCTION ABSENTEE BIDDING: Mail or FAX Absentee bids for the live auction MUST be received by 5pm Pacific Time the day before the auction. Bids accepted after the cutoff time will be represented live only if an agent is available and will not be considered absentee or given first priority as such. It is your responsibility to submit all lot numbers and bid amounts accurately. Absentee bids MUST be equal to at least 50% of the low estimate if an estimate is provided. Bids on “No Lots” or “Withdrawn” Lots will not be executed. Bids made in amounts that do not conform to the bid increment table under Item #8 will be automatically rounded up or down by the computer, or rounded to the nearest proper bid increment at the discretion of the auctioneer. Absentee bids are entered into a computer that will bid live on your behalf at the auction. Absentee bids will compete live against other absentee bids, live internet bidders, floor bidders and phone bidders.
9. INTERNET BIDDING: Both Absentee and Live Internet bidding are available through our live auction networks. If you wish to bid LIVE via the Internet, you MUST pre-register. A live feed is generally accessible during the auction. Online bidding remains open through the live auction, and online absentee bids may be placed anytime. Live bidding will open when the auction starts. Internet bidding is offered as a convenience for those who cannot attend the live sale. Please note that there may be delays or interruptions in Internet connectivity that are beyond our control. Attending the live auction or arranging for an agent is the most reliable way to secure your bids.
10. NEW BIDDERS: Bidders unknown to us, who anticipate an expenditure in excess of $20,000, must provide commercial references or a deposit of 25% of the amount to be bid in order for the auction staff to execute bids. Deposits will be credited towards lots won and any balance will be refunded within 10 business days after the auction has concluded. New bidders will be given a spending limit at their initial request to participate. In order to increase this limit, you may be required to provide a letter of authorization from your bank in addition to providing references. Please contact our office at any time if you have questions regarding spending limits or references required to bid.
11. AGENT BIDDING: There are numerous professional agents available to assist you should you require this service. Please contact the office for a list or to arrange for representation on the floor during the live auction. HWAC is not responsible for any acts or omissions by agents acting on behalf of bidders at our auctions.
BE ADVISED: Auction participation through the live Internet bidding site is not 100% foolproof. The technology for this process is always changing, and the operation of it and the corresponding Internet connectivity issues are far beyond our control. Some folks have attempted to use the live Internet bidding process as their primary method of bidding, and have been quite successful. Others have failed completely. Depending upon your computer, server, host, and other factors, Internet signals may be delayed, such that bids may not be received in time. We cannot be held responsible for these delays, or for the lack of placed bids in a timely manner, or any other factors leading to unaccepted bids that are far beyond our control. Bidders should always have a backup plan for lots they highly desire. Live participation is best, followed by phone participation. We will not reopen lots for missed bids.
12. RESERVES: Most of the lots in this auction are unreserved. Precious metals may be reserved at or near or slightly below spot, t the auctioneer's discretion.
13. BIDDING INCREMENTS: All bids must be submitted in U.S. dollars and in whole dollar amounts only in the appropriate increments as outlined below. If you choose to submit bids in an increment not listed below, your bid will be rounded to the nearest increment and you will be expected to pay the amount to which the bid was rounded should your bid be the winning bid. If you have any questions about an appropriate bid amount, please call us.
From: to: Increment:
$1 $95 $5
$100 $190 $10
$200 $475 $25
$500 $1,450 $50
$1,500 $3,400 $100
$3,500 $9,750 $250
$10,000 $30,000 $500
$30,000 up $1000
14. BID REDUCTION: All winning absentee bids will be reduced, if necessary, to the next bidding increment up from the last competing bid, as long as the minimum bid requirement has been met. For example, if you submit an absentee bid of $1000 and the next highest competing bid is $250, then you will win the lot for $275.
15. BID INFORMATION: Collectors often ask in advance the price level of a particular lot. We will give out the current competitive high absentee bid until we close the day before the live auction. You may also view absentee bids online at www.holabirdamericana.com. While we try to update the absentee bids as often as necessary, bids received close to the bidding deadline might not be reflected online, and we disclaim any responsibility for any bids made in reliance upon inaccuracies on our website, which may be beyond our control. We do not own any of the live Internet bidding platforms, and thus many aspects of the Internet technology are out of our control.
16. BID CANCELLATION: If you wish to cancel or change a bid after you have submitted your bids to us due to an error, you MUST PHONE us to advise us of this. Bid cancellations through mail, email, or faxes are not advisable. Errors are easy to make. Please call us if you have any questions on this.
17. All stock certificates, checks, warrants, and other financial documents sold herein are sold as antiquities, and have no financial, securities, or public trading value whatsoever.
18. We reserve the right to reject any bid we feel is not made in good faith.
19. INVOICING: Shipping charges will be added to all invoices. Invoices are mailed or emailed within two business days after the close of all portions of the sale. Within 15 calendar days of receipt of invoice, payment is due in full to Holabird Western Americana Collections, 3555 Airway Dr., #308, Reno, NV 89511. LATE FEES MAY BE ADDED IF PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS ARE NOT MADE WITHIN THOSE 15 DAYS. Sales tax will be added to all sales picked-up after the auction or shipped to Nevada addresses, according to Nevada State law, unless a resale certificate is provided.
20. PAYMENT: We accept Cash, Visa, Master Card, American Express, Discover, Money Order/Cashier’s Check, Wire Transfer, Personal Check or PayPal. Customers wishing to pay by cash, check or money order MUST contact our office for an invoice total before submitting payment. All returned checks are subject to a $25 fee. Cash received in amounts greater than $10,000 is subject to the filing of IRS form 8300, as required by law.
21. Automatic Credit Card Billing: Internet bidders are subject to the payment terms and conditions outlined on the internet bidding platform they utilize, which may include the automatic payment of auction invoices with the credit card information on file at the time of registration.
22. NON-PAYMENT: HWAC reserves the right to cancel any invoice not paid in full within 15 days. A cancelled invoice does not relieve the bidder from their obligation to pay seller fees and buyer’s premiums compensating HWAC for its services in conducting the auction. Interest shall run on all outstanding balances at the highest rate permitted by law. HWAC shall have a lien against the merchandise purchased by the bidder, and any other of bidder’s property then held by HWAC or its affiliates, to secure payment of the invoice, and with respect thereto HWAC shall have all the rights of a secured creditor under the Nevada Commercial Code, including but not limited to the right of sale. HWAC may sell the lot(s) securing the invoice to any under bidders in the auction that the lot(s) appeared, or at subsequent private or public sale, or relist the lot(s) in a future auction conducted by HWAC. A defaulting bidder agrees to pay for the reasonable costs of resale (including a 10% seller’s commission, if consigned to an auction conducted by HWAC). The defaulting bidder is liable to pay any difference between his or her total original invoice for the lot(s), plus any applicable interest, and the net proceeds for the lot(s) if sold at private sale or the subsequent hammer price of the lot(s) less the 10% seller’s commissions, if sold at an HWAC auction. If HWAC refers any invoice to an attorney for collection, the bidder agrees to pay attorney’s fees, court costs, and other collection costs incurred by HWAC. Any bidder who fails to follow the terms of payment will be reported to iCollector and may be barred from participating in future Holabird Western Americana auctions.
23. CONDITION: We strongly recommend that you attend the live preview to see lots in their entirety. Conditions are not always noted, and large lots may not be itemized due to catalog restraints. For questions, detailed information, or additional images of any lot please contact our office at 775-851-1859. Bidders are responsible for understanding the condition of items. Conditions noted are subjective, and may differ person to person. High resolution images of all items are available online for inspection. HWAC is not responsible for condition discrepancies; it is the bidders responsibility to determine condition prior to bidding.
24. RETURN POLICY: All items are guaranteed to be authentic unless otherwise noted. If authenticity is challenged, please call our office for assistance. ALL SALES ARE FINAL. You may only return any piece that was significantly inaccurately described by calling our office within 10 days of receipt of item(s) and notifying us of the error and reason for return. We do not refund postage or insurance. Please call us if you require a more specific condition report. Any items that are returned must be returned in the exact, unaltered condition. When we receive your bids we will assume you have read the description in the catalog, viewed the image of the item, have contacted us regarding any questions you may have on any lot and/or have previewed the lot in person.
25. This sale is being held under the laws of the State of Nevada.
26. HWAC shall not be held responsible for any problem due to the bidder’s failure to follow the rules, terms and conditions of this sale, or any failure to bid due to the loss of the online auction process provided by any of the online auction networks; or missed bids, changed bids or cancelled due the bidder’s failure to follow the proper bidding procedure outlined herein.
27. By placing a bid or otherwise participating in the auction, Bidder accepts these Terms and Conditions, and specifically agrees to the dispute resolution provided herein.
28. HWAC shall not be responsible for consequential damages, incidental damages, compensatory damages, or any other damages arising or claimed to be arising from the auction on any lot. Bidder’s sole remedy for any proven act or omission shall be rescission of sale and refund of the amount paid by Bidder.
29. Any claim, dispute, or controversy in connection with, relating to and/or arising out of the Auction, participation in the Auction, award of lots, damages of claims to lots, descriptions, condition reports, provenance, estimates, return and warranty rights, any interpretation of these Terms and Conditions, any alleged verbal modification of these Terms and Conditions and/or any purported settlement shall be exclusively heard by, and the parties consent to exclusive in personal jurisdiction of, the Superior Court of Washoe County, Nevada. THE PARTIES EXPRESSLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY. Any claim must be brought within one (1) year of the auction from which the claim arose or the claim is waived. In every case, the prevailing party shall be entitled to an award of its attorney’s fees and costs.