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Photographs of William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson and Sisters (3) [198661]

Currency:USD Category:Collectibles / Photographic Images - Antique Start Price:7,500.00 USD Estimated At:15,000.00 - 25,000.00 USD
Photographs of William T.  Bloody Bill  Anderson and Sisters (3) [198661]
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Photo #1
This Ambrotype photo is of William Thomas "Bloody Bill" Anderson (1839-1864). Very few photos exist of him while alive and likely taken before 1863 or 1864. He is shown with his familiar hat with star. He was also known to wear a beard and well dressed. He also wears two pinky rings, one on each hand and the star on his hat colorized in the photo.
Photo #2
This tintype photo of Josephine "Josie" Anderson (1849-1863) about age thirteen or fourteen. She was killed when the Kansas City jail collapses on August 13, 1863.
Photo #3
This Tintype photo of two women are thought to be the two surviving sisters of Bloody Bill Anderson. Mary Ellen "Molly" Anderson (1845-1903) is on the right. Younger sister Martha Jane "Mattie" Anderson is on the left (1852-1926). Both girls sustained injuries from the Kansas City jail collapse in 1863. The photo was likely taken late in 1864 or early 1865. Both women would be married in 1865 and 1867 and neither woman wears a wedding band in the photo.

There are very few photos of Bloody Bill Anderson while alive and only two known after his death (Castel and Goodrich, 1998, pp.128-129; Tucker,2004, p.2). His life has been detailed for it's brutality based on fact however fictionalized by folklore and newspaper accounts. So much so, the reader is left to suspect even his mother's own death. Research on Bloody Bill Anderson and his younger brother James Monroe proved difficult and filled with errors.

As an impressionable young man, William Thomas Anderson was described by his friends and classmates as courteous and studious. Later, his friends questioned his sanity, but when war between the states arrives there is little doubt (Wood, 2003, p.1).

One must first consider that tensions are at a boiling point in Kansas and Missouri long before war actually breaks out between the states. Hastened by the lunatic ministers as John Brown and Henry Ward Beecher delivering Beecher's Bibles across state lines, otherwise known as cases of Sharps rifles in the 1850s. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed territories to decide whether to allow slavery, ultimately leading to violence between pro/anti-slavery groups in those states. Life starts to unravel for William Anderson and his younger brother James Monroe when their mother carries a bolt of fabric to a neighbor's house and is struck and killed by lightning in 1860. One wonders if this was a message from a higher authority or if the neighbors know that the boys next door are horse thieves. The Kansas Press of July 2, 1860 details the corpse in detail as a lightning strike while picking up kindling in the yard (Wood,2003, p. 11). Already, folklore uproots fact.
William and James hire on to carry goods to New Mexico on the Santa Fe trail and on one trip they arrive back in Missouri without wagon and horse. They claimed to have lost them. At this point William is indifferent to the Southern Cause but explains to a friend it's just good business stealing horses (Wood, 2003, p.13). Life takes another turn for the worst when their father, William C. learns that Judge Baker, a former neighbor, issues an arrest warrant for both William T. and James Anderson for stealing horses based on the statements made by a cousin. William C. in an alcohol fueled rage goes to town armed with a shotgun tries to kill Judge Baker. Delayed only briefly by law enforcement, he is shot by the good judge armed with a shotgun in 1862. William Thomas is now the adult in the Anderson household.
By 1863, the Andersons are considered Southern Cause sympathizers and recognized by Northern Cause jayhawkers. This causes the Anderson brothers to make raids of their own
on Northern Cause sympathizers and sometimes stealing horses from their own kind. This gets the attention of William Quantrill another raider under the command of General Sterling Price and told the Anderson brothers to be more careful as to whom you raid. The border states of Kansas and Missouri are under continual harassments by Union red-leg jayhawkers, and Confederate bushwhackers. Order #11 is given by the Union troops in 1863 to minimize the destruction between Northern and Southern political factions by moving farmers off of their land. This proves to be ineffective and later dropped by spring of 1864. In August, 1863 in an effort to root out Confederate sympathizers, Union troops arrest the households of Confederates that were known to aid the bushwhackers. Three Anderson sisters were jailed; Josephine, Mary Ellen and Martha Jane. The jail in Kansas City collapses and kills Josephine age 14. Her two other sisters are maimed; Mary Jane with two broken legs. Here, fiction replaces fact, but is well sorted out by author Wood (2003, p. 33).
This incident uncorks William T. Anderson and sets to motion a rage that controls his life. The acts that follow against humanity define him and mark a low point in American history. At roughly a week later, William T. Anderson and followers, raid the town of Lawrence, Kansas; a known Union troop stronghold and train depot and kills 150 men and boys for revenge. It is now personal. This incident propels him from sympathizer to known criminal and guerilla fighter. The press labels him "Bloody Bill" Anderson but is only instrumental in fueling the war based on political and editorial position of the reporting newspapers. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat (pro-slavery) against The Macon Gazette of Macon, Missouri (anti-slavery)(from Newspapers.com). These papers reported a sentence of fact followed by fiction and later editorial.
Bloody Bill Anderson becomes bolder and more reckless in his raids. A raid in Centralia, Missouri on September 27, 1864 resulted in killing a number of unarmed Union soldiers on furlough at the train station. A column of Union soldier followed Anderson to Centralia were also overrun. Most Union soldiers were killed and their bodies reportedly mutilated. "It was no longer enough merely to kill the enemy"(Wood, 2002, pp.121-122).
On the morning of October 27, 1864 Bloody Bill Anderson meets Union troops near Albany, Missouri. He gives charge, with the reins of his horse in his mouth, armed with two Navy Colts, blazed through Union lines apparently unscathed. Not so, he slumped in the saddle and fell face down to the ground having taken two rounds to the head (Castel and Goodrich, 1998, p. 125). Once identified by his hat and papers he is relieved of a silk line resembling a hat band with fifty-three knots in it. The knots represent the number of men he personally killed. This artifact, according to author John Edwards, was Anderson's record of his killing. The silk cord is currently in a private collection (illustrated in Castel and Goodrich, 1998, p. 127). His remains were buried in a field near Richmond, Missouri; later removed and interned to the Old Pioneer Cemetery (in Richmond) by Cole Younger in 1908. A stone marker was later added to the site in 1967.

Bloody Bill's younger brother, James Monroe, took his two remaining sisters and the widow of his older brother to Sherman, Texas late in 1864 or 1865. This was to start a new, safer life for the remaining family. The older sister Mary Ellen marries Alexander Doak in June, 1865. They had three children together. The younger sister, Martha Jane marries Eldridge Geary Douglass in 1867, a Texas Senator, also from Missouri. They had four children together. James Monroe marries Mary Erwin in October 2, 1868 (marriage license Grayson County). After the war, Confederates were told to pledge allegiance to the United States or risk imprisonment for their wartime actions. Many of Quantrill Raiders declined allegiance and sought refuge in Texas after the war. Texas was still sympathetic to the Southern Cause. This may have been the case with James Anderson. It may also explain why there are no other known photographs of the Anderson family after the war. James Monroe dies on May 5, 1871 in Sherman, Texas. A Death Certificate for James Monroe Anderson has not been found and his death date is disputed by three authors: Larry Wood and Castel and Goodrich.

These three photographs came to Holabird's Western Americana Collections in a lock box from Texas.
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